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Gender Schema Theory and Roles in Culture Gender schema theory was introduced by psychologist  Sandra Bem  in 1981 and asserted that children learn about male and female roles from the culture in which they live. According to the theory, children adjust their behavior to align with the gender norms of their culture from the earliest stages of social development. 1  Bem’s theory was influenced by the  cognitive revolution  of the 1960s and 1970s as well as her desire to remedy what she believed to be shortcomings in the psychoanalytic and social learning theories of the time. Freudian theories , she suggested, were too focused on the influence of anatomy on gender development. Instead, Bem proposed that a child’s cognitive development combined with societal influences largely influence the patterns of thought ( schema ) that dictate "male" and "female" traits. 1  Cultural Influences on Gender Schema Gender schemas have an impact not only on how people process infor

  The sociocultural conception of man sees a person as the product of his or her environment. Whereas the biological conception of man stresses genetic heritance and the cognitive conception of man prioritises internal cognitive functions and information processing, the sociocultural conception of man focusses on the environmental and cultural factors. From their very birth, human beings begin to interact with their environment, first through the main senses, but later through language, texts and other kinds of media, as well as the communities and subcommunities that they participate in. All these interactions shape their thinking, including the language and communication methods that they learn. And because everyone even in the same culture has different kinds of experiences, we all shape up to become our own kinds of individuals. Background of the Sociocultural Conception of Man The sociocultural theory was propounded by psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934). Vygotsky had interest i